The unsafe behavior of workers is one of the management problems in construction projects, which leads to the reduction of safety performance and the creation of accidents, and then to the reduction of the productivity of construction projects. The main goal of the current research was to provide a structural model to investigate unsafe behaviors and then their impact on the safety performance and productivity of the construction industry. In order to achieve this main goal, unsafe behaviors and factors affecting them were identified through the research background and then classified, and then a theoretical model of the relationship between latent variables was created. According to the results of the research, the identified variables have been classified into 6 main groups: behavior of workers and executive teams, safety performance, productivity of construction projects, knowledge, skill and experience of managers, infrastructure problems and safe conditions of the Construction workshop. The relationship between each of the research variables was also investigated and analyzed and validated through structural equation modeling in PLS software. Also, according to the general findings of the research, safety behaviors of workers and executive teams, safety performance and then project productivity are factors that affect each other and their simultaneous effect should be combined with other research variables such as the knowledge, skills and experience of managers and Investigate infrastructure problems. Managers' lack of experience in management decisions in the safety sector is effective on the safety behaviors of workers on the site and can have direct and indirect effects on causing accidents and reducing safety performance in the project. On the other hand, the creation of safety problems can lead to stoppages or long-term delays and other problems in construction projects, the effects of which should be investigated indirectly and totally in this research.